Every year, from September 15 to October 15, Hispanic Heritage Month provides a dedicated time to celebrate and recognize the profound influence of Hispanic and Latino cultures on the fabric of American life. From art and music to food and language, Hispanic communities have shaped the nation's identity in countless ways. One of the most interesting and often overlooked areas of cultural exchange is the influence of the Spanish language on English.

In fact, many words we use in everyday conversation—like taco, plaza, fiesta, and amigo—come from Spanish. These words reflect the deep, intertwined histories of both languages and the people who speak them. Teaching secondary students about the Spanish words commonly used in English offers a unique, engaging way to celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month. By learning the origins and meanings of these words, students not only expand their vocabulary but also gain a deeper appreciation for the cultural contributions of Spanish-speaking communities.

Celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month through language invites students to explore the richness of Hispanic cultures while recognizing the shared linguistic landscape that we often take for granted. It is a simple yet powerful way to foster inclusivity, understanding, and respect in today’s multicultural classrooms.

The Influence of Spanish on the English Language

The Spanish language has had a profound influence on English, particularly in regions with deep historical ties to Spain and Latin America. As early as the 16th century, Spanish explorers and settlers introduced new vocabulary to English-speaking colonists, and over time, these words became embedded in everyday speech. From the bustling streets of New York to the sun-soaked landscapes of California and Texas, Spanish loanwords—words borrowed directly from another language—reflect centuries of cultural exchange. Whether through the colonization of the Americas, trade routes, or waves of immigration, Spanish has left an indelible mark on English, particularly in fields like food, architecture, and music. Words like patio, ranch, and chocolate are just a few examples of how the Spanish language continues to enrich English, serving as a reminder of the ongoing cultural blend between these two languages and their respective speakers.

Why Language is a Gateway to Culture

Cultural Connections

Language is far more than just a tool for communication—it is a reflection of a people’s history, values, and way of life. When students learn about the Spanish words woven into the fabric of the English language, they aren’t just expanding their vocabulary; they are opening a window into the rich and diverse cultures of the Spanish-speaking world.

Increased Awareness

Each borrowed word carries with it the essence of its origin, offering insights into the customs, traditions, and daily experiences of the people who speak it. For example, words like fiesta and salsa evoke images of vibrant celebrations, music, and food, while barrio speaks to the close-knit neighborhoods that form the backbone of many Hispanic communities.

Celebrating Cultural Connections and Diversity

By understanding the cultural context behind these words, students can develop a greater appreciation for the people and traditions that have shaped their world. In doing so, they also cultivate cultural awareness, empathy, and a sense of connection that transcends language barriers.

Practical Ways to Incorporate Spanish Vocabulary in Class

Interactive Lessons: Exploring the Origins and Meanings of Spanish Loanwords

One of the most engaging ways to teach students about the influence of Spanish on English is through interactive lessons that explore the origins and meanings of Spanish loanwords. A great activity is to have students create a word map, where they visually track how certain Spanish words entered the English language.

For example, words like tortilla or guerrilla could be mapped to show their historical and cultural paths from Spain or Latin America into English usage. Another idea is to introduce etymology charts, where students can investigate the evolution of these words over time—how their meanings may have shifted, expanded, or remained the same. This not only enriches students' understanding of the words but also deepens their appreciation of how language evolves through cultural interaction.

These lessons provide an opportunity for critical thinking, allowing students to connect language to historical events, geographical regions, and cultural practices, all while celebrating the rich contributions of Hispanic culture.

Engaging Activities: Daily "Word of the Day" for Hispanic Heritage Month

A fun and effective way to celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month in the classroom is by introducing a "Word of the Day" activity focused on Spanish-derived English words. Each day, students can learn a new word that has roots in the Spanish language, exploring its meaning, origin, and usage in both Spanish and English contexts.

Words like patio, canyon, or siesta can spark interesting discussions about how language reflects the cultural and historical ties between communities. To make it more engaging, teachers can challenge students to use the word in a sentence or identify where they’ve seen or heard it in everyday life. This daily activity not only builds vocabulary but also fosters a sense of excitement and curiosity around language, helping students connect with Hispanic culture in a relatable and meaningful way.

Over time, it encourages a broader appreciation for the linguistic diversity within English, while celebrating the contributions of Spanish-speaking cultures to the modern world.

Cross-Curricular Connections: Incorporating Spanish Words Across Subjects

Celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month by teaching Spanish loanwords doesn’t have to be limited to language arts—it’s a perfect opportunity to make cross-curricular connections.

In history or social studies, students can explore the origins of Spanish words through the lens of colonization, immigration, and cultural exchange. For instance, learning about the term ranch or adobe in history classes can lead to discussions about the influence of Spanish settlers in the American Southwest. In geography, students can explore Spanish-derived place names like Florida or Los Angeles and how they reflect the cultural roots of these regions. Culinary arts classes can delve into Spanish and Latin American cuisine, introducing words like enchilada or paella while exploring their cultural significance. Even in science, terms like savanna or alligator—which have Spanish origins—can enrich students' understanding of the natural world.

These cross-disciplinary activities not only reinforce students’ understanding of the Spanish language but also help them see its influence across various aspects of life, fostering a holistic appreciation for Hispanic contributions to global culture.

Benefits of This Approach for Secondary Students

Cognitive Benefits: Enhancing Cognitive Flexibility and Problem-Solving Skills

Learning another language, or even just elements of it, provides significant cognitive benefits for students, improving their mental agility and problem-solving abilities. When students explore Spanish loanwords in English, they engage in a form of bilingual thinking, which requires them to process information from different linguistic systems. This promotes cognitive flexibility, allowing them to switch between perspectives more easily and think more creatively.

Studies show that exposure to multiple languages enhances memory, attention, and the ability to multitask. As students delve into the meanings and origins of Spanish words, they also sharpen their analytical skills, practicing how to decode word meanings through context, etymology, and cultural history. This process nurtures higher-order thinking, encouraging students to see connections across disciplines and cultures, making them more adept problem-solvers in academic and real-world situations.

By learning aspects of Spanish, students not only celebrate Hispanic heritage but also strengthen their cognitive toolkit for lifelong learning.

Cultural Competence: Fostering Inclusivity and Building Global Citizens

Understanding how Spanish has enriched the English language plays a crucial role in developing cultural competence among students, helping them embrace an inclusive mindset and become more globally aware citizens.

When students learn about the Spanish words that have seamlessly integrated into English, they begin to appreciate the interconnectedness of languages and cultures. This knowledge encourages respect for the diverse backgrounds that make up modern society, reducing cultural stereotypes and fostering empathy. As they explore the influence of Spanish in areas like food, music, and everyday expressions, students gain a deeper understanding of the contributions Hispanic communities have made to global culture.

This awareness equips them to engage thoughtfully with people from different cultures and languages, preparing them to be open-minded, respectful individuals in a multicultural world. By highlighting these linguistic connections, educators can inspire students to value diversity, fostering a classroom environment that celebrates inclusivity and encourages lifelong cultural curiosity.

Practical Communication: Strengthening Connections in Bilingual Communities

For many students living in bilingual communities, learning about Spanish words commonly used in English has immediate, practical benefits. It enhances their ability to communicate more effectively and empathetically with their Spanish-speaking peers.

By understanding the roots of common Spanish-derived words, students can bridge language gaps, making interactions smoother and more respectful. This familiarity with Spanish also fosters a sense of connection and inclusivity, helping non-Spanish-speaking students engage more meaningfully with their bilingual classmates.

In communities where Spanish is widely spoken, being able to recognize and use even basic Spanish words creates opportunities for deeper relationships, collaboration, and mutual understanding. It also shows respect for the cultural and linguistic diversity within the community, promoting harmony and encouraging students to see language as a powerful tool for building bridges, rather than barriers.

Through this awareness, students can develop stronger communication skills that will serve them both in their academic lives and in the broader, multicultural world.

Connecting to the Broader Hispanic Heritage Month Celebration

Guest Speakers and Cultural Events: Enriching Learning Through Community Engagement

Inviting local Hispanic community leaders or organizing cultural events like a "Hispanic Heritage Fair" can significantly enrich students' learning experiences during Hispanic Heritage Month.

Guest speakers from the Hispanic community, such as artists, business leaders, or activists, can share personal stories and insights about their cultural heritage, offering students a firsthand perspective on the contributions and experiences of Hispanic Americans. These interactions help humanize history and culture, making the lessons more relatable and impactful. Additionally, organizing a "Hispanic Heritage Fair" gives students the opportunity to explore Hispanic traditions through music, dance, art, and food. Stations could feature live performances, cooking demonstrations, or hands-on art activities like crafting traditional papel picado, which is is a traditional Mexican decorative craft made by cutting elaborate designs into sheets of tissue paper. Such events create an immersive environment where students can experience the vibrancy of Hispanic cultures beyond the classroom, deepening their appreciation for the rich diversity within the Hispanic community.

These cultural celebrations also foster a sense of unity and pride, allowing students to connect with and celebrate the Hispanic heritage of their peers and neighbors.

Student-Led Projects: Exploring the Significance of Spanish Words in Everyday Life

Encouraging student-led projects focused on the significance of specific Spanish words in their daily lives or cultural backgrounds can be a powerful way to engage students in celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month. These projects allow students to take ownership of their learning by researching the origins and meanings of Spanish words that resonate with them personally or within their community. For instance, a student might explore the word abuela (grandmother) and its significance in their family’s traditions, or another might focus on quinceañera, diving into the cultural importance of this celebration.

By presenting their findings to the class, students not only gain a deeper understanding of the influence of the Spanish language but also learn to appreciate the diverse ways language shapes identity and culture. This personalized approach encourages students to connect with their own cultural heritage or learn about others’, fostering a more inclusive classroom environment.

These types of projects promote critical thinking, self-expression, and collaboration, while also giving students a platform to celebrate the unique linguistic and cultural contributions of the Hispanic community.

Collaboration with Language Teachers: Deepening Learning Through Bilingual Storytelling, Music, and Film

Partnering with Spanish teachers during Hispanic Heritage Month can greatly enrich students' language-learning experience by incorporating bilingual storytelling, music, and film into the curriculum.

Collaborating across subjects allows students to deepen their understanding of the Spanish language in a more immersive and engaging way. For example, students can listen to or read bilingual stories that highlight cultural themes, helping them to connect vocabulary with meaningful narratives. Spanish songs or films can also be incorporated, offering authentic glimpses into Hispanic culture while reinforcing language skills. These resources not only make learning more dynamic but also allow students to hear native speakers and understand the rhythm, tone, and context of the language.

Collaborating with language teachers creates a holistic experience where students not only learn new words but also see and hear them in real-world cultural settings. This approach fosters greater language retention and cultural appreciation, giving students a richer, more rounded understanding of both Spanish and the diverse Hispanic cultures that influence it.

Conclusion

Teaching Spanish loanwords offers a meaningful and accessible way to engage students with Hispanic Heritage Month, fostering both linguistic and cultural awareness. By exploring the Spanish words commonly used in English, students can better appreciate the profound influence of Hispanic cultures on their everyday lives. This approach not only enhances language skills but also helps students develop a deeper understanding of the rich cultural heritage of Spanish-speaking communities.

From interactive lessons and engaging activities to cross-curricular connections and cultural events, incorporating Spanish loanwords into the curriculum creates opportunities for students to celebrate diversity, promote inclusivity, and build cultural competence.

For us as educators, embracing this approach can serve as a powerful starting point for celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month in a way that resonates with students. By making these connections, you can foster a more inclusive, multicultural classroom environment—one that extends beyond just one month and continues to highlight the value of diversity all year long. So, let’s begin by exploring language together, celebrating our shared cultural history, and inspiring students to be open-minded global citizens.